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The first scientific paper describing tissue regeneration was on the limb regeneration process of crayfish, written by René Réaumur in 1712. The cricket is a model insect of regeneration biologyĪrthropods have a remarkable regenerative ability. In this post, I introduce the biological features and benefits of the cricket, especially its use as a model animal in several scientific fields, e.g., regenerative and developmental biology, and chronobiology. Recently, we reported that epigenetic modifiers regulate leg regeneration ( Development), embryonic development ( Biology Open) and circadian clock ( Zoological letters) by modulating specific gene expression via methylation on 27th lysine residue of histone H3. These new methods established for the cricket open new avenues to understanding genetic basis of embryogenesis, regeneration, circadian rhythm, neurobiology, oogenesis, and so on. His group also established transposon-based transgenics and genome editing techniques using zinc finger nucleases, TALE nucleases (TALEN) and CRISPR/Cas system (Nakamura et al., 2010 Watanabe et al., 2012), and analyzed whole genome sequence using next generation sequencing in Gryllus. Professor Noji’s group in Japan reported that RNAi is a powerful tool to analyze gene function during cricket embryonic development. RNAi is widely applicable for other organisms, including insects. In 1998, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated interference (RNAi) was reported as a useful method for gene silencing by C. Neuronal activities are measured by electrophysiological methods combined with pharmacological approaches. Since crickets are relatively big and in comparison with other insects have strong vital force (which is suitable for dissection to detect action potential from targeted neurons), they have been used as a model insect for physiological research. All developmental stages are suitable for observation of detailed morphology, behaviors and gene expression during development. The growth rate depends on temperature: in standard breeding conditions (28 degrees Celsius), first instar nymphs hatch within two weeks, and nymphs grow up to adult by one month. Nymphs and adults are kept in the insect cages with folded paper as shelters ( Figure 2).
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We easily feed them with goldfish chow and collect eggs using wet towel paper, and they hatch approximately two weeks after egg laying. The cricket is a hemimetabolous insect, with adults sized ~3cm. In fact, BBQ-flavored chips made from cricket flour are delicious for me! Interestingly, the cricket will be a diet even for us as well as for pets: the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has proposed that insects would be a good food source for human. Hence, we easily buy the crickets from a pet shop at a low price (we can buy 5~10 crickets for £1). Gryllus bimaculatus (and the house cricket Acheta domesticus) is a popular food source of meat-eating arthropods, amphibians, reptiles and other pet animals. The cricket has a global distribution, being found in European, African and Asian countries. The latin name Gryllus means cricket, and bi-maculatus means two-spots, because Gryllus bimaculatus has a white spot in each forewing.
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The two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer) was newly described by Baron Charles de Geer in 1773. The two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus Our research focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying leg regeneration, embryonic development, and circadian rhythm using the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus ( Figure 1). I am Yoshimasa Hamada, a Research Fellow in Okayama University Graduate School in Japan, working with Prof.